C#.NET CORE .NET6 RSA 私钥签名 公钥验签（验证签名） ver:20230614
(资料图片仅供参考)
环境说明：
.NET CORE 版本:.NET 6 。
.NET CORE 对于RSA的支持：
1. .NET 6 中内置了对 PKCS1,PKCS8 2种私钥格式的支持。
2.私钥字符串要去除"-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"、"-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"、"-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----"、"-----END PRIVATE KEY-----"和换行符。
3.公钥要去除："-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----"、"-----END PUBLIC KEY-----"和换行符。
注意:.NET CORE 加载公钥为rsaPub.ImportSubjectPublicKeyInfo。
核心重点是拿到 .NET CORE 的RSA 对象。
签名（双方要协商好编码）：
1.将原始报文用UTF8转为byte数组。(参数为byte[] data)原始报文的编码双方要协商好。
2.调用 SignData(byte[] data, HashAlgorithmName hashAlgorithm, RSASignaturePadding padding) 方法，其中HashAlgorithmName 是HASH算法，双方要协商好，有：SHA256、SHA1、MD5。SHA256对应JAVA的 SHA256withRSA. (其它还有 SHA1withRSA，MD5withRSA)，RSASignaturePadding 一般是Pkcs1.
3.将输出结果转为BASE64字符串。输出结果转字符串的编码，双方要协商好，不一定用BASE64。
公钥验签：
1.将原始报文用UTF8转为byte数组。(参数为byte[] data)
2.将签名串（BASE64字符串）用Convert.FromBase64String（）转为byte数组。（参数为：byte[] signature）
3.使用 VerifyData(byte[] data, byte[] signature, HashAlgorithmName hashAlgorithm, RSASignaturePadding padding) ; 方法验签。其中HashAlgorithmName 是HASH算法，有：SHA256、SHA1、MD5。RSASignaturePadding 一般是Pkcs1.
用“支付宝开放平台开发助手”生成一组公私钥：
PKCS8私钥：
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
与之匹配的 PKCS1 私钥，用助手转换的：
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
与之匹配的公钥：
MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDM9As4OkFLUyEmtqVJJaHkAf0xKR3aq38q6FqSi1vQfy1hUjhh/Z8k5NaT2WnmnchGUOoGsvwtKVAHrS62qvWzAPy7sauvG/O7hu1l+3SsrRDtv/O6hqRjEbPex/hpZM1opdkDtiiuHB5wHFYnD7JouWme9lNAViRcj4bXfqnZqwIDAQAB
示例代码：
// See https://aka.ms/new-console-template for more informationusing System.Security.Cryptography;using System.Text;try{ //PKCS8格式私钥 string strPriPkcs8 = "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"; //PKCS1格式私钥 string strPriPkcs1 = "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"; //公钥 string strPub = "MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDM9As4OkFLUyEmtqVJJaHkAf0xKR3aq38q6FqSi1vQfy1hUjhh/Z8k5NaT2WnmnchGUOoGsvwtKVAHrS62qvWzAPy7sauvG/O7hu1l+3SsrRDtv/O6hqRjEbPex/hpZM1opdkDtiiuHB5wHFYnD7JouWme9lNAViRcj4bXfqnZqwIDAQAB"; string strDJM = "泰酷拉！123ABC";//待签名字符串 strDJM = "泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC";//待加密字符串，超过117字符的测试 Console.WriteLine("待签名字符串：" + strDJM); //一、私钥签名 //获取私钥对象 //转为纯字符串，不带格式 strPriPkcs1 = strPriPkcs1.Replace("-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----", "").Replace("-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----", "").Replace("\r", "").Replace("\n", "").Trim(); strPriPkcs1 = strPriPkcs1.Replace("-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----", "").Replace("-----END PRIVATE KEY-----", "").Replace("\r", "").Replace("\n", "").Trim(); RSA rsaPri = RSA.Create(); rsaPri.ImportRSAPrivateKey(Convert.FromBase64String(strPriPkcs1), out _); //如果私钥是PKCS8格式：rsaPri.ImportPkcs8PrivateKey(Convert.FromBase64String(privateKeyPem), out _); //待签名字符串 转为byte 数组 byte[] byToSign = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(strDJM); // 编码要和其它语言一致，一般是：UTF8 byte[] bySigned = rsaPri.SignData(byToSign, HashAlgorithmName.SHA256, RSASignaturePadding.Pkcs1);//SHA256，对应JAVA，SHA256withRSA,签名结果是 byte 数组 string strSigned = Convert.ToBase64String(bySigned);//将byte 数组转为字符串，方便传输，一般是base64字符串，其它类型需和对方协商 Console.WriteLine("签名值：" + strSigned); //二、公钥验签（验证签名） //获取公钥对象 strPub = strPub.Replace("-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----", "").Replace("-----END PUBLIC KEY-----", "").Replace("\r", "").Replace("\n", "").Trim(); RSA rsaPub = RSA.Create(); rsaPub.ImportSubjectPublicKeyInfo(Convert.FromBase64String(strPub), out _); //将对方的签名值转为BYTE数组。 byte[] byToCheckSign = Convert.FromBase64String(strSigned); //将原始报文转为byte数组 byte[] byBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(strDJM);// 编码要和其它语言一致，一般是：UTF8 //验证签名 bool bCheck = rsaPub.VerifyData(byBody, byToCheckSign, HashAlgorithmName.SHA256, RSASignaturePadding.Pkcs1);//验证签名双方要保持一致 Console.WriteLine("验证签名：" + bCheck.ToString());}catch (Exception ex){ Console.WriteLine("ex:" + ex.Message);}Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!");Console.ReadKey();.NET CORE 与.NET FRAMEWORK的区别。
签名：
.NET CORE：SignData(byte[] data, HashAlgorithmName hashAlgorithm, RSASignaturePadding padding) ，默认3个参数，后2个得是枚举。
.NET FRAMEWORK：SignData(byte[] buffer, object halg)，默认2参数，halg 可以是字符串。
验证签名：
.NET CORE：VerifyData(byte[] data, byte[] signature, HashAlgorithmName hashAlgorithm, RSASignaturePadding padding)，默认4个参数，后2个得是枚举。
.NET FRAMEWORK：VerifyData(byte[] buffer, object halg, byte[] signature)，默认3参数，halg 可以是字符串。data（buffer） 和signature 的顺序有变化。
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